Authored by Keith Angana
The widest street in the Nairobi CBD happens to be Kenyatta Avenue, with 8 lanes, just like Thika
Superhighway. For that reason, it is a major artery into the CBD, being used by vehicles coming in
from Valley Road, Ngong Road, Mombasa Road and even Waiyaki Way. But how did it come to be? We
set out on a quest to find that out during our latest Qwani Sketch Tour.
Origin of Kenyatta Avenue
In 1908, an architect named James Kerr Watson came to the country from Scotland. When
he landed in the country, thanks to the Crown Lands Ordinances of 1902, he was able to acquire 4,000
acres of land in the Embakasi area, stretching from modern-day JKIA to City Stadium. Being a totally flat
land, he set out to plant trees in the area, and imported so many Ayrshire cows from his country,
Scotland. He then started a dairy farm and named it Doon Holm. ‘Doon’ was his home area back in
Scotland, while ‘Holm’ means the land next to a river.
Having such a huge farm, he became the biggest dairy products supplier in the city, even supplying to
the Colonial Governor himself at Government House (now State House). Since there wasn’t a proper
road from his farm to the Governor’s House, he set out to build one himself. Thence, he built the Doon
Holm Road (now Jogoo Road) from his farm to the CBD, and then another road to the Governor’s House. This second road became known as Sixth Avenue, but in 1931, it was renamed Delamare Avenue, after another prominent dairy supplier who had just died. With independence came the Kenyanization policy, and so it was finally renamed Kenyatta Avenue.
Nairobi Gallery
Sixth Avenue connected two streets: Princess Elizabeth Way (now Uhuru Highway) and Government
Road (now Moi Avenue). On the junction between Sixth Avenue and Princess Elizabeth Way was the
Provincial Commissioner’s Office. Back then, it was where the records for all the births, marriages and
deaths were kept, hence it earned the name “Hatches, Matches & Dispatches.” It went on to be the PC’s
Office until 1983, when it was converted to KANU’s Nairobi Branch office until 1997, finally having its
ownership transferred to the National Museums of Kenya.
It was renovated into a Gallery, and collections, as well as furniture, from Kenya’s 2 nd Vice President and subsequently Kenya’s biggest art collector, Joseph Murumbi, were moved in for exhibition. Therefore, the building is both known as The Nairobi Gallery and the Murumbi African Heritage Collections.
Nyayo House
In the year 1983, the PC’s offices were moved to the new building that was built behind it, known as
the Nairobi House (now Nyayo House). Initially, it was intended to be a 14-storey building, but Moi
ordered that the design be changed to make it a 23-storey building. In addition to the PC’s office, it also
housed the Special Branch offices. After being threatened by the coup and revolutionary outfits such as
the Mwakenya, President Moi, through his PS for Internal Security, Hezekiah Oyugi, sent out some police officers to Romania to be trained on the militant style of Romanian president Nicolae Ceaușescu’s police force, the Securitate. It was there that the officers learnt torture methods which they applied in the basement of the Nyayo House, then known as the Nyayo Torture Chambers.
Kipande House
Having been sent by the Bank of India, Pakistani businessman Gurdit Singh Nayer arrived in Kenya in the
year 1889, with the intention of starting banking operations. However, after some years, he noticed the
numerous unexploited business opportunities, and so he quit his job as a banker. Seeing the Kenya-
Uganda railway passing on what is today’s Loita Street, Gurdit Nayer assembled a team of masons and
carpenters from the Indian coolies, and together with English architect David Fialt, built a warehouse
next to the railway in the year 1913.
For one year, while known as Nayer House, it served as a railway warehouse, being used to store goods
coming into the city. In the year 1914, however, the Colonial Governor Sir Henry Conway Belfield
ordered that all natives should walk around with a kipande on their neck, which would act as their
identity cards. The Colonial Government leased out that building, and it was where the kipandes were
issued. The natives began calling it ‘Kipande House’, and the name stuck permanently.
Important to note is that it was the tallest building from the time of its construction up to the year 1935,
when City Hall was finally built. Kipande House, with its two storeys, was so tall that its magnificent clock could be seen all over the city.
Lionel Douglas Galton-Fenzi Memorial
Currently, the country has several driving schools, but only one of them is older than 100
years; the Automobile Association (AA) of Kenya. It was started in the year 1919 bya motor enthusiast
Galton-Fenzi, who had been incessantly negotiating for loan cars to test them under the East African
conditions. In the year 1926, he received his first one, a wooden Riley 12/50 from Britain. It was
delivered to Nairobi by train, and he set out to drive it from Nairobi to Mombasa, a journey which took
him 15 days and 1000 kilometres, since he passed by the wilderness of Kajiado and Voi. On the return
journey, however, he followed the railway line to Nairobi and hence took only 48 hours.
He stopped and parked his car next to the GPO, where he laid a stone to mark it. After that feat, he went
on to drive to different towns in the country. Unfortunately, he died in the year 1936, and two years
later, the AA erected a stone memorial, known as ‘Point Zero’, on the junction of Kenyatta Avenue and
Koinange Street. It is from that point that all distances from Nairobi are measured, and most are written
on the monument itself, including the distances to Murang’a, Nanyuki, Dar-es-Salaam, Juba, Khartoum,
Cairo, among others.
KAR Memorial Statues
On this part, I handed over the mantle to Tim and John Mark Njihia, who were more versed on the topic.
They told us that, following the various resistances put up by different Kenyan communities, the British
had identified the martial communities, or basically, the communities with the best soldiers, and so they chose warriors from those communities to join them in fighting during World War. They became
known as the King’s African Rifles (KAR). Besides them were the Carrier Corps; people chosen to help the military by carrying their luggage (ammunition, tents, etc.). The KAR memorial comprises three people. Two KAR soldiers (middle and right) and one Carrier Corp (on the left).
Cameo Cinema
In the year 1912, a Jewish immigrant known as Simon Medicks bought an establishment along Delamere
Avenue and named it ‘The Theatre Royal’, with plans of making it a hangout spot for the elite. Between
the two World Wars, then, the building would be used by the elites to hold political meetings, as well as
welcome newcomers to the city.
When its lease ended in 1961, Ted Clifton bought it and converted it into a cinema, naming it ‘The
Cameo Cinema. It became one of East Africa’s pioneer cinemas as well as the only one with two Zeiss
Ikon projectors – the best film equipment at the time.
With advancements in the film industry sector, Cameo Cinema couldn’t keep up, and so other modern
cinemas were built. With time, it was shaped out and ceased being in business. Now, it hosts a casino.
CFC Stanbic Bank
At the junction between Kenyatta Avenue and Kimathi Street, you’ll notice a tall red-bricked building,
which currently hosts CFC Stanbic Bank. The building was built by Colonel Ewart Grogan in the year 1929 as a hotel establishment known as Torr’s Hotel. On the ground floor was a pear-shaped ballroom, with an overlooking balcony on the first floor. The hotel was frequented by different classes of people, with popular folklore saying that it was mostly for people who couldn’t afford the New Stanley Hotel across the road.
However, being the only hotel allowed to operate past 2 am, it was filled with party poopers from
The aristocratic Happy Valley set who descended on the hotel after their favourite establishments such
As the Norfolk, Stanley and Muthaiga Club had closed early.
In the year 1958, however, Grogan sold the hotel to the Ottoman Bank, and the building changed hands
twice before finally ending up in the hands of the Stanbic Bank in 1992, which still owns it to date.
Sarova Stanley Hotel
In the year 1902, Mayence Bent and her husband set up the first-ever hotel in the city, known as Victoria Hotel, since it was on Victoria Street (now Tom Mboya Street). It was a four-bed hotel on the upper floor of a general store. After disagreements with the proprietor below in 1904, she moved out to a two-storey wooden building along the same street, and named it ‘The Stanley Hotel’, after the famous Welsh explorer, Hentry-Morton Stanley. This hotel was an improvement over the other, as it had 15-beds.
It took less than a year before a fire ravaged most of Victoria Street, and her hotel wasn’t spared. It
wasn’t until 1913, when Mayence Bent’s husband bought two plots of land along Delamere Avenue
and built a three-storeyed hotel with 60 beds, and they named it “The New Stanley Hotel.”
In 1922, the first-ever Nairobi Stock Exchange was held at the hotel’s premises, and this brought a
lot of tenants. From then on, it became a huge attraction and was visited by notable people such as
Ernest Hemingway, Winston Churchill, Frank Sinatra, and even Princess Elizabeth.
In the year 1947, the hotel was sold to a Jewish entrepreneur known as Abraham Block, who, in 1958,
expanded the hotel to how it currently looks, before selling it to the Sarova Group in 1978, and who still
manage it to this date.
Conclusion
It is usually said that if you walked along Delamere Avenue in the year 1930, you wouldn’t know
whether you were in Kenya or in Britain, due to all the Neo-Classical buildings around. After this tour, I see
the truth in that quote. I believe no street in Nairobi holds as much history as Kenyatta Avenue.
That marked the end of our tour, and so we beckoned Anto, our photographer, to take a group photo
before we bade each other farewell. It was a lovely tour, and we do hope that next month’s may be
even better. For those interested, you can check us out on social media as Qwani.
